How To Arrive At A Price For Bond

By Jaclyn Hurley


In most cases, the valuation of the securities being traded within a specified market is determined by interplay of factors. The demand and supply of such commodities often determines the much that the traders are likely to part with in order to acquire such securities. The higher the demand of a commodity within the markets, the higher the face value. A price for bond has to take into consideration the demand the supply factors too.

Cash flows are the expected future cash in terms of returns or costs. The cash flows can be used in determining the real value of securities in question. The future flows of cash are taken into consideration when determining the present value of various assets. The expected costs are deducted from the expected returns before arriving at the present values of the assets.

There are several classes of bonds that are traded in the financial instruments markets. Some of the binds have options while others do not. The options are mainly in form of conversion choices. This means that the owners have an option of converting them into equity on maturity. The embedded bonds are relatively priced higher as compared to the plain options since they have a higher rate of risk associated with them.

The rate of return, the discount rates and the cost of capital are some of the data that needs to be collected before determining the profitability of an investment. In some cases, the data may be very hard to collect. This means that traders have to use other forms of pricing in arriving at the prices. Most traders use the relative pricing strategy. The prices are estimated using benchmarks such the corporate and the government gilts.

Segregation of cash flows is done in different markets so as to separate the costs from the returns. This means that each of them is rated using a different rate. Some may be treated as zero-rated coupons. The use of coupons helps the traders to determine the rate of returns and general profitability in the general markets. Bundling of rates may also be done.

There are a couple of risks that affects the rates of investment and the return from bonds. The risks are mainly categorized into finance and business related. The finance risks are often associated with the level of risks in each security. Business risks are associated with specific lines of businesses.

Modeling is very important in estimation of the future prices. This puts the risks and the uncertainties that associated with adverse price movements into perspective. With the use of the appropriate equations, the interest rates and yield rates can be approximated. This is done by plugging the various trading parameters into the trading equations developed by the models.

Accuracy is very important in trading. There is a need to ensure that the prices are accurately estimated to some extent. This helps reduce the errors associated with the inaccurate information. The losses made from making of the wrong investment decisions are minimized as result.




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